Les Misérables is a sweeping historical novel set in 19th-century France that explores themes of justice, redemption, love, and social inequality. The story centers on Jean Valjean, a former prisoner who is transformed by an act of kindness and spends his life seeking redemption while being relentlessly pursued by the rigid inspector Javert.

As Valjean rebuilds his life, he becomes a guardian to the young girl Cosette, offering her a better future. Around them unfolds a rich tapestry of characters—students, workers, revolutionaries—whose lives intersect during a time of political unrest, including the Paris uprising.

The novel vividly portrays the struggles of the poor and oppressed, highlighting issues such as poverty, injustice, and the failures of society. Through powerful storytelling, Victor Hugo emphasizes compassion, forgiveness, and the possibility of moral transformation.